lsList directory contentsgrepSearch text using patternsfindSearch for files in directory hierarchycurlTransfer data from or to a servergitDistributed version control systemdockerContainer platform for building and running appssshSecure shell remote logintarArchive filesawkPattern scanning and processingsedStream editor for filtering and transforming textchmodChange file permissionsrsyncFast, versatile file copying toolwgetDownload files from the webpsReport process statuskillSend signal to processesxargsBuild and execute commands from stdinjqCommand-line JSON processorhtopInteractive process viewerncNetcat — network utilitydigDNS lookup utilitytmuxTerminal multiplexernpmNode.js package managerpipPython package installersystemctlControl systemd servicescronSchedule recurring tasksdfReport file system disk space usageduEstimate file space usageheadOutput the first part of filestailOutput the last part of fileswcWord, line, character countsortSort lines of textuniqReport or omit repeated linescutRemove sections from each lineteeRead stdin and write to stdout and fileslnCreate links between filesenvRun command with modified environmentaliasCreate command shortcutsdiffCompare files line by linezipPackage and compress filesscpSecure copy between hoststopDisplay system processeslsofList open filesnmapNetwork exploration and port scanningcatConcatenate and display filescpCopy files and directoriesmvMove or rename filesrmRemove files or directoriesmkdirCreate directoriestouchCreate empty files or update timestamps